Friday 8 May 2015
Modern Art - 1860 to 1970
Modern art includes artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s
and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated
with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern
artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and
functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative, which was characteristic for the traditional arts,
toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called
Contemporary art or Postmodern art.
Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin,
Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for the development of modern
art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the
pre-cubists Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Jean Metzinger and Maurice de Vlaminck
revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings
that the critics called Fauvism. Henri Matisse's two versions of The Dance signified a key point in his
career and in the development of modern painting.[3] It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with
primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the
rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism.
Initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin and other late 19th century innovators, Pablo Picasso
made his first cubist paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to
three solids: cube, sphere and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Picasso
dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five
prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his own new Cubist
inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, exemplified
by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism, the first clear
manifestation of cubism, was followed by Synthetic cubism, practiced by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger,
Juan Gris, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp and several other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is
characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a
large variety of merged subject matter.
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